Video course abdominal ultrasound
Examination of the adrenal gland: Left adrenal gland
Author: Prof. Dr. Christoph F. Dietrich, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim.
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Latest research in brief:
Bowel
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Song M et al, Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(6):537−47
Risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after polypectomy: Patients with any polyps in a largely screening-naive population of Sweden had a higher colorectal cancer incidence as compared to individuals from the general population. Moreover, patients with sessile serrated polyps, tubulovillous or villous adenomas had a higher colorectal cancer mortality.
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Sands BE et al, Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(5):738−45
Mongersen (GED-0301) for active Crohn’s disease: Inhibition of SMAD7 mediated by the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide Mongersen did not demonstrate efficacy vs. placebo in phase 3 trial.
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Guh AY et al, N Engl J Med. 2020;382(14):1320−30
rends in U.S. burden of Clostridioides difficile infections and outcomes: The estimated national burden of C. difficile infections and associated hospitalizations decreased from 2011 through 2017 by approx. 24%, owing to a decline in health care-associated infections.
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Liver Biliary Tracts
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Balwani M et al, N Engl J Med. 2020;382(24):2289–3012
Acute intermittent porphyria: In a phase 3 trial, monthly application of givosiran, an RNA interference therapy, reduced the frequency of acute attacks by 74%. In addition, the need for hemin as well as daily pain scores decreased.
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Finn RS et al, N Engl J Med. 2020;382(20):1894–905
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): In patients with unresectable HCC, atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab resulted in better overall and progressionfree survival outcomes than sorafenib. In this current phase 3 trial, 12 months overall survival was 55% with sorafenib and 67% with atezolizumab-bevacizumab. Grad 3 and 4 adverse events occurred with the same frequency with sorafenib and atezolizumab-bevacizumab, respectively.
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Fan Z et al, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(7):1561–6
Liver involvement in COVID-19: In a current study, more than one third of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection had abnormal liver enzymes. This was associated with longer hospital stay. In addition, treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir was associated with increased liver enzymes; these drugs should be given with caution.
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Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum
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Lebwohl B et al, JAMA. 2020;323(13):1277–85
Mortality risks in celiac disease patients: Results of a population-based study in Sweden between 1969 and 2017 reveal that a diagnosis of celiac disease was still associated with a small but significantly increased mortality risk.
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Allegretti JR et al, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;18(4):855–63.e2/em>
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in obese patients: Results of a placebo-controlled pilot trial suggest that FMT is well tolerated and results in sustained changes of the intestinal microbiota and bile acid profiles, but does not affect the body mass index in obese metabolically uncompromised patients.
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Wong GLH et al, Gut. 2020;69(4):652–7
Prevention of recurrent idiopathic gastroduodenal ulcer bleeding: Results of this randomized trial indicate that recurrent bleeding rates in patients with a history of bleeding from Helicobacter pylori-negative ulcers are comparable between users of lansoprazole and famotidine over 24 months.
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Pancreas
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Colán-Hernández J et al, Gastroenterology. 2020;158(6):1642–9.e1
Risk of infection during endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic cystic lesions: The risk of infections was low in a randomized trial comprising 205 patients undergoing EUS-FNA and was not significantly affected by antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin.
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Current Falk literature:
No literature.