Video course abdominal ultrasound
Examination of the kidneys:
Left kidney
Author: Prof. Dr. Christoph F. Dietrich, Caritas Krankenhaus Bad Mergentheim.
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Latest research in brief:
Bowel
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Hull MA et al, Lancet. 2018;392(10164):2583–94
Chemoprevention for colorectal adenoma: Treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid and aspirin, alone or in combination, is not associated with a reduction in the proportion of high-risk patients with at least one adenoma during follow-up.
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Danese S et al, Gut. 2019;68(1):40–8
Anti-interleukin-6 antibody for Crohn’s disease: A phase 2 trial reveals that the anti-IL-6 antibody PF-04236921 induces clinical response and remission in refractory patients with moderate-to-severe Crohn’s disease and previous failure of anti-TNF therapy.
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Costello SP et al, JAMA. 2019;321(2):156–64
Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) in patients with ulcerative colitis: FMT of anaerobically processed pooled donor stool was effective to induce steroid-free remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis.
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Liver Biliary Tracts
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Yeo YH et al, Gastroenterology. 2019;156(3):635–46.e9
Hepatitis B: HBsAg seroclearance is a marker for clearance of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (“functional cure”). A current meta-analysis confirms that HBsAg seroclearance rates are low with approx. 1% per year independent of antiviral treatment. Patients with chronic HBV infection should therefore be counseled on the need for lifelong treatment, and curative therapies are needed.
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Forde KA et al, Hepatology. 2019;69(1):270–81
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS): HPS is associated with high mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Patients with HPS may benefit from exception points for liver transplantation. A current study indicates that the recommended screening for HPS by pulse oximetry is not sufficiently sensitive. Indeed, arterial blood gas and contrast-enhanced echocardiography may be required for diagnosis of HPS in these patients.
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Carter A et al, J Hepatol. 2019;70(1):142–50
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D): This hereditary metabolic defect can have a mild course and mimic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Substitution of recombinant sebelipase α is the treatment of choice. A current meta-analysis confirms that LAL-D is ultra-rare with an estimated prevalence of 1:300,000. Thus, second-line screening for LAL-D may be restricted to NAFLD patients in whom a hereditary cause of steatosis is suspected.
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Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum
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Mariette C et al, N Engl J Med. 2019;380(2):152–62
Surgical approaches for esophageal cancer: Hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy results in a lower incidence of intra- and postoperative major complications, specifically pulmonary complications, than open esophagectomy. Overall and disease-free survival appears to be comparable with both techniques.
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Stark CM et al, Gut. 2019;68(1):62–9
Risk factors for childhood obesity: Medication with antibiotics and/or acid suppressants in the first 2 years of life is associated with a diagnosis of childhood obesity. These findings suggest that microbiota-altering medications in early childhood may influence weight gain.
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Rugge M et al, Gut. 2019;68(1):11–7
Prevention of gastric cancer in patients with gastritis: A prospective study confirms that histological staging according to OLGA (operative link on gastritis assessment) reliably predicts the risk for development of gastric epithelial neoplasia.
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Pancreas
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Conroy T et al, N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2395–406
Adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer: A modified FOLFIRINOX regimen led to significantly longer survival than gemcitabine among patients with resected pancreatic cancer, but also resulted in higher toxicity.
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Symposium 214
IBD: From Pathophysiology to Personalized Medicine
March 29–30, 2019, Oxford, United Kingdom
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IBD: From Diagnosis to Therapy
July 5–6, 2019, St. Petersburg, Russia
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